A 16-plex Y-SNP typing system based on allele-specific PCR for the genotyping of Chinese Y-chromosomal haplogroups

Y-chromosomal SNP (Y-SNP), with its stable inheritance and low mutation, can provide Supplementary information in forensic investigation. While commonly used Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes show their limitations, typing of Y-SNP would become a powerful complement. In this study, a 16-plex Y-SNP typing system based on allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) was developed to discriminate four dominant Y-chromosomal haplogroups (C-M130, D-CTS3946, N-M231, and O-M175) and 12 predominant sub-haplogroups of O-M175 (O1a-M119, O1a1a1a-CTS3265, O1b-M268, O1b1a2-Page59, O2-M122, O2a1-L127.1, O2a1b-F240, O2a1b1a1-CTS5820, O2a2-P201, O2a2b1a1-M177, O2a2b1a1a1a-Y17728, O2a2b1a2-F114). A series of experimental validation studies including sensitivity, species specificity, male-female mixture and inhibition were performed. The discrimination of the typing system was preliminarily proved with a haplogroup diversity of 0.9239. Altogether, the Y-SNP typing system based on AS-PCR should be capable of distinguishing China’s dominant Y-chromosomal haplogroups in a rapid and reliable manner, thus can be employed as a useful complement in forensic casework.     

新型国产二尖瓣夹合器系统的动物实验研究

通过动物实验,对一种新型国产二尖瓣夹合器系统的可行性和安全性进行评价。14只正常三元杂交系猪分为实验组10只和对照组4只,实验组植入新型二尖瓣夹合器系统,对照组行传统二尖瓣修复术。分别于术前、术后不同时间点行超声心动图检查、血液检查,术后140 d对动物安乐死取材,进行心脏及主要脏器大体、病理检查,观察植入后的情况。实验组共8只动物、对照组共4只动物达到实验终点,所有动物术中未出现夹合器脱落、心脏破裂、瓣膜损伤、顽固性心律失常、脏器栓塞、心力衰竭、死亡等严重并发症。超声显示,所有夹合器均固定在二尖瓣处,不同时间点二尖瓣平均跨瓣压差、左心室射血分数等两组间均未见具有统计学意义的差异。血液学检查,未见植入器械对肝肾功能产生明显影响。病理检查提示,夹合器周围瓣叶呈现慢性炎症、黏液样变性、少量出血,未引起二尖瓣及心脏组织损伤,未出现心脏血栓、感染,各脏器也未见血栓栓塞。动物实验结果表明,新型国产二尖瓣夹合器系统生物相容性好,能够有效固定在二尖瓣处而不引起严重的相关并发症。     

500例老年科病区药学服务的帕累托图分析

目的： 回顾分析老年科病区药学服务记录，找出需要重点关注的内容，以便优化药学服务模式。方法： 收集2018年5月-2019年7月的老年科药学服务记录，采用Excel软件绘制帕累托图，对各类药学服务内容类别和所涉及的药品类别进行统计，以区分出构成老年病区药学服务内容和药品类型的主要因素、次要因素及一般因素。结果： 帕累托图分析结果显示，用法用量指导与干预、用药依从指导、药物选择指导构成药学服务内容的主要因素；心血管系统药物、血液及造血系统药物、主要作用于中枢神经系统药物、抗感染药物、激素及其有关药物构成药物类别的主要因素。结论： 采用帕累托图进行统计和分析，可迅速直观地了解临床药师服务的重点内容及重点关注的药物，为多重用药管理切入点的选择提供数据参考，使药师更好地在老年综合评估团队中发挥作用。     

基于大自然时间轴的测量时序分类法

因果推断中，时序（或方向性）的概念尚未完全明确。本文从因果思维出发，以真实因和真实果的发生时间将大自然时间轴划分为3个时域和2个时点，从而锚定了因果推断只能实现于第3时域。测量时序可分为5种类型：跨第1和3时域纵向时序（实验性时序）、跨第2和3时域纵向时序、同时域纵向时序、同时域逆纵向时序和同时域横向时序（观察性时序）。这种分类法适用于首次或多次测量、及时和延后测量等所有测量策略。除了实验中真实因的测量（或干预措施）在其发生之前（第1时域）或观察和实验中真实因的测量在真实果发生之前（第2时域）的情形外，所有其他测量策略类似于历史重建或"考古"，测量时序的重要性次于测量的准确性。从研究设计应整合偏倚设计的观点来看，本文提出基于大自然时间轴的测量时序五分类法，概念清楚并将有助于判断研究过程中可能出现的偏倚，为正确进行因果推断研究奠定基础。     

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated neuroprotective effects on the degenerative retina: the therapeutic potential of erythropoietin

Retinal degeneration (RD) results in photoreceptor loss and irreversible visual impairments. This study sought to alleviate the photoreceptor degeneration via the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated erythropoietin (EPO) therapy. AAV-2/2-mCMV-EPO vectors were constructed and delivered into the subretinal space of a RD model. The retinal morphology, optokinetic behaviour and electrophysiological function of the treated animals were analysed. The subretinal delivery of AAV-2/2 vectors induced robust EPO gene expressions in the retinas. AAV2/2-mediated EPO therapy ameliorated the photoreceptor degeneration and visual impairments of the RD animal model. Furthermore, the multi-electrodes array (MEA) was used to detect the firing activities of retinal ganglion cells. MEA recording showed that the EPO therapy could restrain the spontaneous firing response, enhance the light-induced firing response and preserve the basic configurations of visual signal pathway in RD model. Our MEA assay provided an example to evaluate the potency of pharmacological compounds on retinal plasticity. In conclusion, AAV2/2-mediated EPO therapy can ameliorate the photoreceptor degeneration and rectify the abnormities in visual signal transmission. These beneficial results suggest the AAV vector is a viable therapeutic option for retinopathies with rapidly degenerating kinetics and lay the groundwork for future development of EPO gene therapy.     

TNF-α与干细胞成骨分化

肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)在干细胞向成骨分化过程中扮演着双重角色(促进或抑制成骨分化),其过程受到多条信号通路调控,如Wnt、BMP-Smads、MAPK、NF-κB等信号通路。而TNF-α的作用时间、作用浓度及作用的干细胞类型又可能是决定其促进或抑制干细胞成骨分化的主要因素。本文就以TNF-α对干细胞成骨分化作用的相关信号通路及可能决定因素做一简要概述。     

门诊和病房电脑鼠标细菌污染情况调查

目的调查门诊和普通病房电脑鼠标不同时段的细菌污染情况。方法随机抽取某院门诊及普通病房的各16个电脑鼠标，分别于8∶00、10∶30、13∶00、15∶30进行采样，样本接种培养后对菌落计数并筛查多重耐药菌。结果32个鼠标共计采样128次，最高菌落数达121 CFU/cm2，平均菌落数为23.9 CFU/cm2。随着时间的推移，同一鼠标的细菌计数逐渐增多。不同时段门诊和病房的电脑鼠标菌落数比较，在10∶30、13∶00、15∶30三个时间点，病房鼠标的菌落数均高于门诊（均P≤0.05）。64个病房电脑鼠标标本中检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）各1株。结论加强鼠标日常清洁消毒及监测工作非常重要，应增加清洁消毒频率或更换长效消毒剂，加强病房环境的清洁消毒。